Following this question, it seems that we cannot do anything to use filters with new tables except waiting, if we are not an admin. It would be cool to add a parameter to refresh the schema every hour for example and be able to use filter one hour after creating the table.
@christelle Bug and feature requests are tracked via Github: https://github.com/metabase/metabase/issues/new/choose
It wouldn’t be difficult to write something to do it.
On my demo install, this refreshes one of the filters:
POST /api/field/379/rescan_values
Would be a case of either iterating over all fields or creating a list of fields to update.